磁盘和文件系统管理1

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[root@localhost /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0009f2bd

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              64       26109   209202176   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 4194 MB, 4194304000 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 509 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home: 156.3 GB, 156338487296 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19007 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@localhost /]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x3398addd.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m

Command action

   a   toggle a bootable flag

   b   edit bsd disklabel

   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag

   d   delete a partition

   l   list known partition types

   m   print this menu

   n   add a new partition

   o   create a new empty DOS partition table

   p   print the partition table

   q   quit without saving changes

   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

   t   change a partition's system id

   u   change display/entry units

   v   verify the partition table

   w   write table to disk and exit

   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-10443, default 1):此处直接回车

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-10443, default 10443): +20G

Command (m for help): n

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 2

First cylinder (2613-10443, default 2613):此处直接回车

Using default value 2613

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2613-10443, default 10443): +20G

Command (m for help): n

Command action

   e   extended

   p   primary partition (1-4)

e

Partition number (1-4): 4

First cylinder (5225-10443, default 5225):此处直接回车

Using default value 5225

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (5225-10443, default 10443):此处直接回车

Using default value 10443

Command (m for help): n

Command action

   l   logical (5 or over)

   p   primary partition (1-4)

l

First cylinder (5225-10443, default 5225):此处直接回车

Using default value 5225

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (5225-10443, default 10443): +2G

Command (m for help): n

Command action

   l   logical (5 or over)

   p   primary partition (1-4)

l

First cylinder (5487-10443, default 5487):此处直接回车

Using default value 5487

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (5487-10443, default 10443): +10G

Command (m for help): P

Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xcd20ee87

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1        2612    20980858+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb2            2613        5224    20980890   83  Linux

/dev/sdb4            5225       10443    41921617+   5  Extended

/dev/sdb5            5225        5486     2104483+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb6            5487        6792    10490413+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-6): 5

Hex code (type L to list codes): 82

Changed system type of partition 5 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xcd20ee87

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1        2612    20980858+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb2            2613        5224    20980890   83  Linux

/dev/sdb4            5225       10443    41921617+   5  Extended

/dev/sdb5            5225        5486     2104483+  82  Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sdb6            5487        6792    10490413+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@localhost /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 26108 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0009f2bd

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              64       26109   209202176   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xcd20ee87

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1        2612    20980858+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb2            2613        5224    20980890   83  Linux

/dev/sdb4            5225       10443    41921617+   5  Extended

/dev/sdb5            5225        5486     2104483+  82  Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sdb6            5487        6792    10490413+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 4194 MB, 4194304000 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 509 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home: 156.3 GB, 156338487296 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19007 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@localhost /]#

[root@rhel /]# partprobe /dev/sdb

[root@rhel /]# ls /sbin/mkfs*

/sbin/mkfs         /sbin/mkfs.ext2  /sbin/mkfs.ext4     /sbin/mkfs.msdos

/sbin/mkfs.cramfs  /sbin/mkfs.ext3  /sbin/mkfs.ext4dev  /sbin/mkfs.vfat

[root@rhel /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0001a205

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          13      102400   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              13         274     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda3             274        2611    18770944   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xec3d3bc9

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1        2551    20490876   83  Linux

/dev/sdb2            2552        5102    20490907+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb4            5103       10443    42901582+   5  Extended

/dev/sdb5            5103        5358     2056288+  82  Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sdb6            5359        6634    10249438+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@rhel /]# partprobe /dev/sdb

[root@rhel /]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x0001a205

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1   *           1          13      102400   83  Linux

Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda2              13         274     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/sda3             274        2611    18770944   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0xec3d3bc9

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1        2551    20490876   83  Linux

/dev/sdb2            2552        5102    20490907+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb4            5103       10443    42901582+   5  Extended

/dev/sdb5            5103        5358     2056288+  82  Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sdb6            5359        6634    10249438+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb7            6635        7910    10249438+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdc: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

[root@rhel /]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6807\u7b7e=

\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edfinux

\u5757\u5927\u5c0f=4096 (log=2)

\u5206\u5757\u5927\u5c0f=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

1281120 inodes, 5122719 blocks

256135 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5757=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=0

157 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8160 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

        4096000

\u6b63\u5728\u5199\u5165inode\u8868: \u5b8c\u6210                           

Creating journal (32768 blocks): \u5b8c\u6210

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: \u5b8c\u6210

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 22 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@rhel /]# mkfs -t vfat -F 32 /dev/sdb6   如果我们要挂载的是U盘。

mkfs.vfat 3.0.9 (31 Jan 2010)

[root@rhel /]# mkswap /dev/sdb5

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 2056284 KiB

no label, UUID=aca7e52d-acd7-4e2d-adf7-d0828668127b

[root@rhel /]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep "SwapTotal:"

SwapTotal:       2097144 kB

[root@rhel /]# swapon /dev/sdb5

[root@rhel /]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep "SwapTotal:"

SwapTotal:       4153424 kB

[root@rhel /]# swapoff /dev/sdb5

[root@rhel /]# cat /proc/meminfo | grep "SwapTotal:"

SwapTotal:       2097144 kB

[root@rhel /]# mkdir /mailbox

[root@rhel /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mailbox/

[root@rhel /]# vi /etc/fstab

[root@rhel /]# cat /etc/fstab

#

# /etc/fstab

# Created by anaconda on Fri Jun  7 00:57:58 2013

#

# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'

# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info

#

UUID=3eb0c7ea-31b0-460f-961a-414739c61207 /                       ext4    defaults        1 1

UUID=d6cdff6e-b69d-45f0-82a6-6d2062007bb1 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2

UUID=bf3e0ead-dd2f-4ecd-875d-c22270fe60b0 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0

devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0

sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0

proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

/dev/sdb1              /mailbox                ext3    defaults        0 0

[root@rhel /]# df -hT

\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf    \u7c7b\u578b      \u5bb9\u91cf  \u5df2\u7528  \u53ef\u7528 \u5df2\u7528%% \u6302\u8f7d\u70b9

/dev/sda3     ext4     18G  3.7G   14G  22% /

tmpfs        tmpfs    740M  448K  739M   1% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1     ext4     97M   27M   66M  29% /boot

/dev/sr0   iso9660    3.0G  3.0G     0 100% /media/RHEL_6.4 i386 Disc 1

/dev/sdb1     ext3     20G  173M   19G   1% /mailbox

[root@rhel /]#